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This list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, theorems, principles, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person. In some cases the person named has coined the law – such as Parkinson's law. In others, the work or publications of the individual have led to the law being so named – as is the case with Moore's law. There are also laws ascribed to individuals by others, such as Murphy's law; or given eponymous names despite the absence of the named person. == A–B == * Aitken's law describes how vowel length in Scots and Scottish English is conditioned by environment. Named for Professor A. J. Aitken, who formulated it. *Allen curve: Shows frequency of communication drops exponentially as the distance between the people increases. * Allen's rule: Endotherms from colder climates usually have shorter limbs (or appendages) than the equivalent animals from warmer climates. * Amagat's law describes the behaviour and properties of mixtures of ideal gases. Named for Émile Amagat. * Amara's law: "We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run." * Amdahl's law is used to find out the maximum expected improvement to an overall system when only a part of it is improved. Named after Gene Amdahl (born 1922). * Ampère's circuital law, in physics, relates the circulating magnetic field in a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop. Discovered by André-Marie Ampère. * Anderson's rule is used for the construction of energy band diagrams of the heterojunction between two semiconductor materials. Named for R. L. Anderson. * Andy and Bill's law describes how when a computer chip is released, new software will be released to use up all of its power. Named for Andy Grove, then CEO of Intel, and Bill Gates, then CEO of Microsoft. 〔http://www.forbes.com/2005/04/19/cz_rk_0419karlgaard.html〕 〔https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nuxm2eDaHwcC&pg=PP88&lpg=PP88&dq=andy+and+bill%27s+law&source=bl&ots=mX7gEL9xiv&sig=QJMllITXLy_qFUIPGtz8ddXp3zE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBmoVChMIjoWX2NCjxwIVcEfbCh1BMwhz#v=onepage&q=andy%20and%20bill's%20law&f=false〕 * Archie's law, in petrophysics, relates the in-situ electrical conductivity of sedimentary rock to its porosity and brine saturation. Named for Gus Archie (1907–1978). * Archimedes' principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. Named for Archimedes. * Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics formulated by Isaac Asimov: * * A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. * * A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. * * A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. * Atwood's Law: Any software that can be written in JavaScript will eventually be written in JavaScript. * Augustine's laws on air force management. Named for Norman Augustine. * Avogadro's law, in chemistry and physics, is one of the gas laws, relating to the volume and molarity of a gas. * Babinet's principle, in physics, states that the diffraction pattern from an opaque body is identical to that from a hole of the same size and shape except for the overall forward beam intensity. Named for Jacques Babinet. * Baldwin's rules predict feasibility of ring-closing reactions in organic synthesis, proposed by Jack Baldwin. * Barlow's law was an incorrect physical law proposed by Peter Barlow in 1825 to describe the ability of wires to conduct electricity. * Baumol's cost disease: effect of productivity growth in one sector forcing salary increases in all sectors leading to the other more labor-intensive sectors having prices rise faster than the general rate of inflation (e.g. government, music, healthcare, education). * Bayes' theorem, in probability theory, shows the relation between one conditional probability and its inverse. * Beckstrom's law, in economics, states that the value of a network equals the net value added to each user’s transactions conducted through that network, summed over all users. Named for Rod Beckstrom. * Beer–Lambert law: in optics, the empirical relationship of the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. Independently discovered (in various forms) by Pierre Bouguer in 1729, Johann Heinrich Lambert in 1760 and August Beer in 1852. * Bell's theorem: No physical theory of local hidden variables can ever reproduce all of the predictions of quantum mechanics. Named for John Stewart Bell. * Benford's law: In any collection of statistics, a given statistic has roughly a 30% chance of starting with the digit 1. * Benford's law of controversy: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. * Bennett's laws are a concept in quantum information theory. Named for Charles H. Bennett. * Bergmann's rule: within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. * Bernoulli's principle, in fluid dynamics, describes the effect that flow has on pressure contributing lift to airfoils. * Betteridge's law of headlines: "any headline which ends in a question mark can be answered by the word 'no'". * Biot–Savart law describes the magnetic field set up by a steady current density. Named for Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart. * Birch's law, in geophysics, establishes a linear relation of the compressional wave velocity of rocks and minerals of a constant average atomic weight. Named after Francis Birch. * Born's law, in quantum mechanics, gives the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a given result. Named after physicist Max Born. * Boyle's law, in physics, one of the gas laws, states that the volume and pressure of an ideal gas of fixed mass held at a constant temperature are inversely proportional, or, that the product of absolute pressure and volume of a fixed mass is always constant. Discovered by and named after Robert Boyle (1627–1691). * Bradford's law is a pattern described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of extending a library search. * Bragg's law, in physics, gives the angles for coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice. * Bremermann's limit, named after Hans-Joachim Bremermann, is the maximum computational speed of a self-contained system in the material universe. * Briffault's Law: "The female, not the male, determines all the conditions of the animal family. Where the female can derive no benefit from association with the male, no such association takes place." Named after Robert Briffault. * Brooks' law: "Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later." Named after Fred Brooks, author of the well known book on project management ''The Mythical Man-Month''. * Buys Ballot's law is concerned with the notion that the wind travels counterclockwise around low pressure zones in the Northern Hemisphere. Named for C. H. D. Buys Ballot, who published an empirical validation of an existing theory, in 1857. * Byerlee's law gives the stress circumstances in the Earth's crust at which fracturing along a geological fault takes place. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of eponymous laws」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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